小词详解 | oblige
oblige 英 [əˈblaɪdʒ] 美 [əˈblaɪdʒ]
考研 CET4 CET6 TOEFL TEM4 TEM8
外刊例句
Reporting laws, already in force in some American states, can oblige companies to disclose when they or their products are hacked.
已在美国部分州实施的报告法要求公司披露它们或它们的产品被黑客攻击的情况。
——《经济学人》Your generous offer to spring for a family vacation does not oblige you to make compensatory payments to those who are unable to attend.
你慷慨地提议出钱请全家度假,但这并不意味着你必须向那些无法参加的人支付补偿金。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] make (someone) legally or morally bound to an action or course of action
[动词] 使(某人)在法律上或道德上受某个行动或行为方式的约束
深入解读
Oblige 一词源自拉丁语 obligare (绑定、捆绑、用绷带包扎),14世纪经古法语 obligier 进入英语后即用来表示“强迫、迫使”,主要指出于法律、道德或生理上的需要,像是被绑住了那样受某个行动或行为方式的约束而促使某人做某事,也可以指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事,以及在紧急情况下被迫作出的反应,比如:
法律规定父母必须送子女入学。
Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.
说到道德约束,为人处世中最为常见的道德约束莫过于受人恩惠而欠下的人情,即便是滴水之恩也往往令人感激涕零而涌泉相报。与之类似, oblige 到了16世纪60年代后,便从受人恩惠而产生感恩义务的概念出发,开始引申指“使感激”,常意味着通过给予好处或恩惠而使人感激(make sb indebted),现在多作礼貌用语使用,比如:
对您的帮助我不胜感激。
Much obliged for your assistance.您若能把它读给大家听,我将不胜感激。
I would be obliged if you could read it to us.
反过来, oblige 则可以用来表示“帮……的忙、施恩惠于”,主要指按照某人的要求或愿望去做,以帮助或取悦该人,比如:
乐于效劳!
Anything to oblige!劳您驾替我在门底下塞一个楔子让门敞开着。
Would you oblige me by pushing a wedge under the door to keep it open.
名著用例
“What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him? I am sure we owe him no such particular civility as to be obliged to say nothing he may not like to hear.”
“我倒请问你,达西先生与我有什么关系,我干吗要怕他?我没有理由要在他面前特别讲究礼貌,难道他不爱听的话我就不能说吗?”
出自19世纪英国小说家简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen)的代表作《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)。
同近义词
compel: force or oblige (someone) to do something
obligate: bind or compel (someone), especially legally or morally
coerce: persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats
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